What does Islam believe?
Islam is the second-largest religion in the world (Pew Research Center). It centers on complete submission to one God (Britannica).
What Do Muslims Believe About God?
Muslims believe in one God, called Allah in Arabic (Surah Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4). This strict belief in one God is called Tawhid (Britannica).
God has no partners, children, or equal parts (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:255). Islamic teaching forbids associating any partners or images with God (Surah An-Nisa 4:48).
What Happens After You Die?
Islam teaches that human life on Earth is a test for the afterlife (Surah Al-Mulk 67:2).
On the Day of Judgment, God evaluates every person based on their deeds and faith (Surah Al-Zalzalah 99:6-8). Believers who do good go to Jannah (Paradise), a place of peace (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:25). Those who reject God and do evil face Jahannam (Hell), a place of punishment (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:39).
How Big Is Islam and Where Is It Found?
About 1.9 billion people follow Islam worldwide today (Pew Research Center). About 1.1% of adults in the United States identify as Muslim (Pew Research Center).
History and Geography
Islam began in the 7th century in Mecca and Medina, located in modern-day Saudi Arabia (Britannica). Most Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, and North Africa (Pew Research Center). In the U.S., major Muslim populations live in states like New York, California, Michigan, and New Jersey (Pew Research Center).
What Are the Foundational Texts?
The primary holy book of Islam is the Quran, believed to be God’s direct word (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2). Muslims also study the Hadith, which records the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (Britannica). Together, these writings guide daily laws and personal ethics (Sahih al-Bukhari 1).
Central Tenets and Moral Values
Islamic values guide personal character and duty to others. Surah An-Nahl 16:90 commands believers to practice justice, kindness, and charity (Surah An-Nahl 16:90). Muslims learn to respect parents, help the poor, and keep promises (Surah Al-Isra 17:23-34). Honesty and humility are expected in all actions (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:35).
What Actions Do Followers Take?
Islamic practice relies on core actions known as the Five Pillars of Islam (Sahih al-Bukhari 8).
- Followers of this religion must declare their faith (Shahada). Stating that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His messenger establishes membership in the faith (Sahih Muslim 16b).
- Followers of this religion must perform daily prayers (Salah). Praying five times a day keeps believers connected directly to God throughout the day (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:43).
- If you want to follow this path, you have to give to charity (Zakat). Giving a set portion of wealth to those in need purifies income and helps society (Surah At-Tawbah 9:60).
- If you want to follow this path, you have to fast during Ramadan (Sawm). Abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours builds self-control and empathy for the hungry (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183).
Famous Figures Associated with Islam
Muhammad Ali was a world heavyweight boxing champion who advocated for civil rights (Biography.com). Ibn Sina was a physician and philosopher whose medical textbooks influenced European and Asian medicine (Britannica).
Mo Salah is a professional soccer player who stars for Liverpool FC and Egypt (Premier League Profile). Ibtihaj Muhammad is an Olympic medalist who competed for the United States in fencing (Team USA Profile). Hakeem Olajuwon is an NBA Hall of Fame basketball player known for his career with the Houston Rockets (Basketball Hall of Fame). Malala Yousafzai is a Nobel Peace Prize winner who campaigns for girls’ education globally (Nobel Prize Archive).
How You Can Learn More
- Read the Quran: Read an English translation of the Quran starting with the opening chapter (Quran.com).
- Visit a local mosque: Contact a community Islamic center to observe a prayer service (Islamic Society of North America).
- Use online educational resources: Explore introductory guides on sites like Yaqeen Institute.
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